After collision, the predator cells then enter the periplasmic space of the prey cell, consume the host cell from within, elongate, and divide into new cells that are released upon host cell lysis ( 41). These small deltaproteobacteria prey on other Gram-negative cells, using flagella to swim rapidly until they collide with a prey cell. Most studies of predatory prokaryotes have focused on Bdellovibrionaceae species (e.g., see references 51, 55, and 67). Prokaryotes are key players in primary biomass production ( 44) and global nutrient cycling ( 22), and predation of some prokaryotes by others is likely to significantly affect these processes. Predation between prokaryotes is one of the most ancient forms of predation ( 27), and it has been proposed that this process may have been the origin of eukaryotic cells ( 16). Predation has been investigated extensively in higher organisms but relatively little among prokaryotes. For example, predators may mediate coexistence between superior and inferior competitors ( 2, 13), and differential trajectories of predator-prey coevolution can lead to divergence between separate populations ( 70). Predation has been invoked as a major cause of diversity in ecosystems ( 11, 12).
The population and evolutionary dynamics of predators and their prey are often tightly coupled and can greatly influence the dynamics of other organisms as well ( 1). Predation plays a major role in shaping both the ecology and evolution of biological communities. The broad prey range of the Myxococcus genus coupled with its ubiquity in the soil suggests that myxobacteria are likely to have very important ecological and evolutionary effects on many species of soil prokaryotes. Such specialization may reduce resource competition among sympatric strains in natural habitats. There was evidence for specialized predator performance in some predator-prey combinations. Predator strains varied significantly in their relative performance across prey types, but most variation in predatory performance was determined by prey type, with Gram-negative prey species supporting more Myxococcus growth than Gram-positive species.
All predator isolates could utilize most potential prey species to effectively fuel colony expansion, although one species hindered predator swarming relative to a control treatment with no growth substrate. To better understand the predatory capabilities of myxobacteria in nature, we analyzed the predation performance of numerous Myxococcus isolates across 12 diverse species of bacteria. Many species of the soil-dwelling myxobacteria are predators of other microbes, but their predation range is poorly characterized. The Military Records page in Genealogy.Predator-prey relationships among prokaryotes have received little attention but are likely to be important determinants of the composition, structure, and dynamics of microbial communities.National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, Md 20740-6001 PHONE:30, FAX: 30, EMAIL: More WWII Information see: Location: Modern Miitary Records LICON, Textual Archives Services Division (NWCTM) The list includes the rank of the decedent, and the name, address and relationship of next-of-kin. Entries in the list are arranged into the following sections: Dead (Combat), Dead (Prison Camp), Missing, Wounded and Released Prisoners, and
Casualties which occurred in the United States, or as a result of disease, homicide, or suicide anywhere are not included. This list identifies those men on active duty with the United States Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard, whose deaths resulted directly from enemy action or from operational activities against the enemy in war zones from December 7, 1941, to the end of World War II. Level of Description: Item from Record Group 24: Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel. Type of Archival Materials: Textual Records Title: State Summary of War Casualties from World War II for Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard Personnel from Oklahoma, 1946Ĭreator: Department of the Navy. Dead (Prison Camp) and Released Prisoners
0 kommentar(er)
